The notion of subculture has been significant in cultural and communication studies. While it often emphasized oppositions between mainstream and alternative formations, the scene framework (Šima & Michela, 2020, pp. 5-6) offers a more fluid and localized approach to cultural participation and identity. Despite this shift, the subcultural approach remains valuable for understanding cultural practices like punk that exist outside formal institutions. Cultural studies’ marginal position within academia (Serbes, 2025, p. 180) has allowed subcultural research to explore resistance, communication, and cultural production beyond institutionalized norms.