Aesthetic taste is a multidimensional topic that requires a holistic approach, taking into account its sociocultural and biological foundations within the discipline of visual communication design. Given that individuals’ aesthetic responses to visual stimuli are shaped by neurological patterns and cultural experiences, it is important to systematically elucidate how these two dimensions are integrated into the process of visual communication design. This study aims to examine the reflections of aesthetic perception on visual communication design within the framework of neuroaesthetic theories and cultural codes. A multiple case study approach was adopted as the qualitative research design; Gustav Klimt’s The Kiss, Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, and Yayoi Kusama’s Infinity Mirror Rooms were selected for the case study using a maximum diversity sampling strategy based on criteria of period and art-historical representation, neuroaesthetic response diversity, and cultural context diversity. The data analysis section of the study consists of three stages. After obtaining primary data from art criticism, academic studies, and archival searches related to the works, the first stage involved applying a visual semiotic analysis approach based on Barthes’s signifier-signified relationships and denotative-connotative levels of meaning. In the second stage, neuroaesthetic analysis, as emphasized by Pearce et al., was conducted, and in the third stage, cultural context was analyzed. According to these analyses, biologically based visual elements such as symmetry and color contrast activate reward mechanisms in the brain. Similarly, it was determined that visual stimuli differ distinctly from one another aesthetically across different cultural and historical contexts. The research concluded that aesthetic perception is shaped by the reciprocal and dynamic interaction between universal biological tendencies and cultural codes. It is expected that the three-stage evaluation approach adopted in this study, which addresses visual semiotic analysis, neuroaesthetic effects, and cultural context, will contribute to visual communication designers making more conscious and effective aesthetic decisions tailored to their target audience.